
«Himalayan Blue Poppy»
Meconopsis aculeata
The valley's most famous bloom: sky-blue, papery petals around a golden boss of stamens, on bristly stems among rocks and boulders.
Sky blue · July – September
Recorded in the valley
the herbarium
A field guide to 92 flowers of the Valley of Flowers National Park and the trail to it. Each entry gives the flower's botanical name, colour, bloom months, altitude and where it grows.
Every flower carries a label showing how we know it grows here. 79 are recorded in the valley itself, 8 on the Govindghat–Ghangaria–Hemkund route, and 5 are Himalayan species often listed for the valley that we could not find a record of there. Our main source is the park's botanical checklist from the Botanical Survey of India (1987), checked against recent photographs on iNaturalist.
Showing 92 of 92 flowers

Meconopsis aculeata
The valley's most famous bloom: sky-blue, papery petals around a golden boss of stamens, on bristly stems among rocks and boulders.
Sky blue · July – September
Recorded in the valley
Saussurea obvallata
State flower of Uttarakhand. Papery cream bracts wrap a dark purple flower head like a lantern; sacred and offered at Himalayan shrines.
Cream bracts, purple head · July – September
Recorded in the valley
Arisaema propinquum
A hooded, striped spathe that looks like a rising cobra, found in shaded, moist ground along the trail from Govindghat to Ghangaria.
Purple-brown · June – August
Recorded in the valley
Arisaema jacquemontii
A slender cobra lily with a green, white-striped hood and leaves split into five to seven leaflets; red berries follow in autumn.
Green and white · June – July
Recorded in the valley
Arisaema tortuosum
Named for the long whip-like tail of its spathe; grows on the lower, forested stretch of the approach.
Pale yellow-green · June – July
Recorded in the valley
Impatiens sulcata
Tall stands of pink, helmet-shaped flowers that colour the valley floor by August; the narrow pods burst at a touch.
Pink to crimson · July – September
Recorded in the valley
Potentilla atrosanguinea
Strawberry-like leaves and glowing, dark-red five-petalled flowers scattered through the meadows.
Crimson to orange-red · June – August
Recorded in the valley
Geranium wallichianum
Violet saucers with darker veins, sprawling through grass and scrub on the slopes along the whole route.
Violet-pink · June – September
Recorded in the valley
Primula denticulata
Perfect globes of lilac flowers on bare stalks that appear almost as soon as the snow melts.
Lilac to purple · April – June
Recorded in the valley
Rosa macrophylla
A wild rose shrub with big single pink flowers and long, flask-shaped red hips, lining the trail near Ghangaria.
Deep pink · June – July
Recorded in the valley
Caltha palustris
Glossy, buttercup-yellow flowers on marshy ground and stream banks, among the first to bloom after the snow.
Yellow · June – September
Recorded in the valley
Fritillaria roylei (= F. cirrhosa)
Nodding, chequered bells on slender stems; its bulbs are heavily traded as a medicine.
Yellow-green, chequered brown · June
Recorded in the valley
Lilium oxypetalum (= Nomocharis oxypetala)
A small, nodding, bell-shaped lily with pointed cream-yellow petals, usually spotted purple inside.
Cream-yellow · June – July
Recorded in the valley
Corydalis cashmeriana
Slender spurred tubes in an unreal electric blue, tucked into damp, mossy ground.
Intense blue · June – July
Recorded in the valley
Anemonastrum obtusilobum
Buttercup-like flowers in blue, white or yellow that sprinkle the grassland early in the season.
Blue, white or yellow · June – August
Recorded in the valley
Eriocapitella rivularis
Tall, branching anemone with white petals and a ring of steel-blue anthers; often beside streams.
White with blue anthers · July – August
Recorded in the valley
Rhododendron campanulatum
Bell-shaped lilac trusses on dense, shrubby slopes near the treeline.
Lilac · June – July
Recorded in the valley
Rhododendron anthopogon
A low, very aromatic shrub whose leaves are burned as incense across the Himalaya.
Pale yellow to pink · June – July
Recorded in the valley
Rhododendron lepidotum
A small, scaly-leaved rhododendron with open, saucer-shaped flowers on rocky high slopes.
Pink, yellow or white · June – July
Recorded in the valley
Pedicularis siphonantha
A lousewort with very long, narrow flower tubes, pollinated by bumblebees.
Pink to red · July – August
Recorded in the valley
Pedicularis hoffmeisteri
Chunky yellow, hooded flowers packed into a spike; one of the more eye-catching louseworts of the valley.
Yellow · June – August
Recorded in the valley
Bistorta affinis
Dense pink spikes that turn whole slopes rosy by late summer.
Pink to rose-red · July – September
Recorded in the valley
Bistorta vivipara
A slender spike whose lower flowers are replaced by tiny bulbils that grow into new plants.
Pink-white · July – August
Recorded in the valley
Bistorta vacciniifolia
A creeping, mat-forming bistort that paints rocky slopes pink in late summer.
Pink · August – September
Recorded in the valley
Koenigia polystachya
Tall frothy plumes of white flowers. A native plant, but now spreading aggressively through the valley.
Creamy white · August – September
Recorded in the valley
Koenigia rumicifolia
A sturdy knotweed with big dock-like leaves and clusters of tiny green-yellow flowers.
Greenish-yellow · July – September
Recorded in the valley
Oxyria digyna
Kidney-shaped, tangy leaves and red-green fruit spikes on scree and stony ground.
Red-green · July
Recorded in the valley
Rheum australe (= R. emodi)
Huge crinkled leaves and a tall plume of small flowers; the rhizome is a well-known Himalayan medicine.
Pink-red · July – August
Recorded in the valley
Aconitum heterophyllum
Hooded blue flowers on a prized medicinal herb (Atis); related monkshoods are among the most poisonous plants in the Himalaya.
Blue-violet · July – September
Recorded in the valleyAconitum balfourii
Tall spires of blue helmets; every part is highly toxic.
Blue-violet · August – September
Recorded in the valley
Dactylorhiza hatagirea
A terrestrial orchid with dense purple spikes and hand-shaped tubers, heavily collected for salep.
Purple · June – August
Recorded in the valley
Nardostachys jatamansi
Rosy flower heads on an aromatic root used in perfumery and Ayurveda since ancient times.
Pink-white · July – August
Recorded in the valley
Podophyllum hexandrum
Cup-shaped flowers followed by a scarlet fruit; the rhizome is the source of a cancer-drug precursor.
Pink-white · May – June
Recorded in the valley
Picrorhiza kurroa
A bitter little herb that hugs rocks and moist banks; its stolons are a valued liver remedy.
Pale blue to purple · June – August
Recorded in the valley
Trillium govanianum
A single whorl of three leaves and a dark maroon flower; a rare medicinal plant of shady forest floors.
Dark purple · June – August
Recorded in the valley
Cypripedium cordigerum
A lady's slipper orchid with a balloon-like white pouch, in shady, damp forest glades.
White pouch, green-yellow petals · May – August
Recorded in the valley
Roscoea alpina
A tiny ginger relative whose orchid-like purple flowers open in succession, often before the leaves unfurl.
Purple · June – August
Recorded in the valley
Aquilegia pubiflora
Nodding spurred flowers in shades of purple and white; listed for the park, though its identity needs checking.
Purple to white · June – July
Recorded in the valley
Leontopodium himalayanum
Woolly white star-shaped bracts adapted to cold, windy, sun-blasted ledges.
Silvery white · July – September
Recorded in the valley
Ligularia amplexicaulis
Bold yellow daisy spikes over large leaves that clasp the stem, growing near streams and damp hollows.
Yellow · August – October
Recorded in the valley
Jacobaea analoga
Large, loose sprays of small golden daisies on stems up to two metres tall.
Golden yellow · August – September
Recorded in the valley
Cirsium wallichii
A spiny thistle with soft purplish heads, popular with bees and butterflies.
Pink-purple · July – September
Recorded in the valley
Inula barbata (often listed as I. grandiflora)
Large golden daisies with fine ray petals, brightening open meadows.
Golden yellow · July – October
Recorded in the valley
Aster albescens
A shrubby aster with clusters of soft lilac-white daisies late in the season.
Lilac-white · July – September
Recorded in the valley
Erigeron multiradiatus
A daisy with many fine lilac rays around a yellow eye.
Lilac-blue · July – September
Recorded in the valley
Anaphalis triplinervis
Clusters of papery white flower heads that keep their shape for months when dry.
Papery white · August – September
Recorded in the valley
Polemonium caeruleum subsp. himalayanum
Blue cup-shaped flowers above leaves arranged like the rungs of a ladder, in damp meadows.
Violet-blue · July – August
Recorded in the valley
Cyananthus lobatus
Open, five-lobed blue-violet flowers trailing over rocks and alpine turf.
Blue-violet · July – September
Recorded in the valley
Cyananthus microphyllus
A creeping alpine bellflower with tiny leaves and solitary blue-violet funnels.
Blue-violet · July – August
Recorded in the valley
Campanula latifolia
Tall spikes of large nodding blue-purple bells along shaded slopes and scrub.
Violet-blue · July – August
Recorded in the valley
Codonopsis rotundifolia
A twining climber with large, bell-shaped flowers netted with dark purple veins.
Green-cream with purple veins · July – August
Recorded in the valley
Halenia elliptica
Delicate flowers with four curving spurs, like tiny anchors.
Pale blue-green · July – October
Recorded in the valley
Gentiana stipitata
Low, trumpet-shaped gentian flowers hugging the ground late in the season.
Pale blue · August – October
Recorded in the valley
Myosotis (M. sylvatica and relatives)
Tiny sky-blue flowers with yellow eyes, tucked between taller herbs.
Sky blue · June – September
Recorded in the valley
Hackelia uncinata
A forget-me-not relative whose barbed seeds cling to fur and clothing.
Blue · June – September
Recorded in the valley
Euphorbia wallichii
Lime-yellow bracts glowing like lamps in the green meadows; the milky sap irritates skin.
Yellow-green · June – August
Recorded in the valley
Saxifraga brachypoda
Moss-like clumps of spiny leaves with single golden-yellow star flowers.
Golden yellow · July – September
Recorded in the valley
Bergenia stracheyi
Clusters of pink bells above glossy leathery leaves on rocky slopes near snowmelt.
Pink · June – July
Recorded in the valley
Parnassia nubicola
A single, green-veined white flower on a slender stalk in wet, grassy ground.
White · July – August
Recorded in the valley
Androsace sarmentosa
Hairy rosettes spreading by runners, studded with small pink flowers with yellow centres.
Pink-mauve · June – July
Recorded in the valley
Primula reidii
Fragrant, ivory-white bells on a short stem, nodding from damp rock ledges.
Ivory white · June – July
Recorded in the valley
Primula macrophylla
Lilac-purple flowers in a tight head above leaves that are often powdery white underneath.
Lilac-purple · June – August
Recorded in the valley
Fragaria nubicola
White blossoms followed by tiny red fruit along the path.
White · May – August
Recorded in the valley
Geum elatum
Bright yellow cups on slender stalks across alpine meadows.
Yellow · July – September
Recorded in the valley
Spiraea canescens
An arching shrub covered in creamy-white clusters along the lower trail.
Creamy white · May – July
Recorded in the valley
Filipendula vestita
Frothy cream plumes above deeply cut leaves, in damp, tall vegetation.
Cream · July – August
Recorded in the valley
Thermopsis barbata
A silky-haired pea relative with unusual, nearly black flowers.
Dark purple-black · June – August
Recorded in the valley
Morina longifolia
Whorls of tubular flowers that change from white to deep pink after pollination.
White turning crimson · July – September
Recorded in the valley
Ligusticopsis wallichiana
Lacy white umbels like Queen Anne's lace, filling the meadow edges.
White · July – September
Recorded in the valley
Thalictrum foliolosum
Airy clouds of tiny drooping flowers with dangling stamens.
Greenish-white · July – September
Recorded in the valley
Epipactis helleborine
A shade-loving orchid with small greenish flowers tinged purple.
Green and purple · July – August
Recorded in the valley
Gymnadenia orchidis
A scented orchid with a dense cylindrical spike of rose-violet flowers.
Rose-violet · July – August
Recorded in the valley
Iris kemaonensis
A low, nearly stemless iris with spotted lilac flowers that appear with the first leaves.
Lilac-purple · May – July
Recorded in the valley
Thymus linearis
A creeping, ajwain-scented cushion covered in pink flowers on rocky slopes.
Pink-purple · June – September
Recorded in the valley
Phlomoides bracteosa
Rings of purple, hooded flowers stacked up a sturdy stem.
Purple · July – August
Recorded in the valley
Origanum vulgare
A fragrant herb with clusters of small pink flowers.
Pink · July – September
Recorded in the valley
Gaultheria trichophylla
A creeping shrub with tiny bell flowers, followed by sky-blue berries that smell of wintergreen.
Pink-white · June – July
Recorded in the valley
Viola biflora
A bright yellow violet with dark streaks, flowering singly or in pairs.
Yellow · June – August
Recorded in the valley
Silene vulgaris
White flowers with an inflated, papery, veined calyx, common in grassy places.
White · June – September
Recorded in the valley
Bistorta amplexicaulis
Slim crimson spikes above heart-shaped leaves, common along the lower trail.
Crimson · June – September
Recorded on the trek route
Paeonia emodi
Large white flowers with golden anthers, in the forests on the lower approach to the valley.
White · May – June
Recorded on the trek route
Parochetus communis
A creeping, clover-like plant with startling cobalt-blue pea flowers.
Cobalt blue · May – November
Recorded on the trek route
Salvia nubicola
A tall sage with whorls of yellow flowers, flowering along the Govindghat–Ghangaria trail.
Yellow and orange · June – August
Recorded on the trek route
Impatiens tricornis
A smaller yellow-flowered balsam, common on the lower trail.
Pale yellow · July – September
Recorded on the trek route
Colquhounia coccinea
A shrub with tubular scarlet flowers on the lower stretches of the approach.
Scarlet-orange · June – August
Recorded on the trek route
Delphinium brunonianum
A musk-scented larkspur of high scree slopes above the valley.
Blue-violet · July – September
Recorded on the trek route
Trifolium repens
A low creeping clover that has spread along grassy paths; a naturalised weed, not a native wildflower.
White · June – September
Recorded on the trek route
Cardiocrinum giganteum
Up to three metres tall, with fragrant trumpet flowers, in forests of the lower Himalaya.
White · July – August
Wider Himalaya · not recorded in the valley
Gentiana ornata
A small, bell-shaped Himalayan gentian marking the end of the flowering season.
Pale blue · August – November
Wider Himalaya · not recorded in the valley
Swertia chirayita
A bitter medicinal herb with star-shaped flowers; the valley's own Swertia species are different.
Greenish-white · August – October
Wider Himalaya · not recorded in the valley
Valeriana jatamansi
A fragrant medicinal herb of shady banks, well below the valley floor.
White-pink · March – June
Wider Himalaya · not recorded in the valley
Primula sikkimensis
Fragrant, nodding yellow bells of the central and eastern Himalaya.
Yellow · June – July
Wider Himalaya · not recorded in the valleyPhotographs are used under the open licences shown. Each links to its source.